NEWS

Veganuary
https://veganuary.com/veganuary-2021-hits-record-breaking-sign-ups/

Eating disorders
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-50969174
https://www.rcpch.ac.uk/news-events/news/paediatricians-warn-parents-be-alert-signs-eating-disorders-over-holidays

Microbiome
https://joinzoe.com/post/nature-microbiome-discoveries
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-020-01183-8

Diets changing over time
https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/ndns-results-from-years-9-to-11-2016-to-2017-and-2018-to-2019

OBESITY: THE IMPACT OF COVID-19

  1. The Guardian (2020). ‘I was too fat’. Boris Johnson launches UK obesity reduction drive. Video. (Online). Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2020/jul/27/i-was-too-fat-boris-johnson-launches-uk-obesity-reduction-drive-video. Accessed 1st December 2020
  2. Department of Health and Social Care (2020). Policy Paper. Tackling Obesity: empowering adults and children to live healthier lives. London, UK Government. (Online). Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/tackling-obesity-government-strategy/tackling-obesity-empowering-adults-and-children-to-live-healthier-lives. Accessed 2nd December 2020
  3. Robinson E, Boyland E, Chisholm A et al (2020). Obesity, eating behavior and physical activity during COVID-19 lockdown: A study of UK adults. Appetite. doi:10.1016/j.appet
  4. Pellegrini M, Ponzo V, Rosato R et al (2020). Changes in Weight and Nutritional Habits in Adults with Obesity during the ‘Lockdown’ Period Caused by the COVID-19 Virus Emergency. Nutrients, 12: 2016
  5. BBC (2020). COVID: How Marcus Rashford’s campaign changed free school meals. (Online). Available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/explainers-53053337. Accessed 2nd December 2020
  6. Rundle AG, Park Y, Herbstman JB et al (2020). COVID‐19-related School Closings and Risk of Weight Gain Among Children. Obesity, 28: 1008-1009. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22813
  7. NHS Health Scotland (2018). Public Attitudes to reducing levels of overweight and obesity in Scotland. Available online: http://www.healthscotland.scot/media/1705/public-attitudes-to-reducing-obesity-in-scotland.pdf. Accessed 2nd December 2020
  8. NHS (2019). Obesity: Causes. Online. Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/obesity/causes/. Accessed 2nd December 2020
  9. Serrano-Fuentes N, Rogers A and Portillo MC (2019). Social network influences and the adoption of obesity-related behaviours in adults: a critical interpretative synthesis review. BMC Public Health, 19: 1178. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7467-9
  10. Food Standards Agency (2020). The COVID-19 consumer research. (Online). Available at: https://www.food.gov.uk/research/research-projects/the-covid-19-consumer-research. Accessed 2nd December 2020


THE IMMUNE SYSTEM AND NUTRITION

  1. Calder PC. Nutrition, immunity and COVID-19. BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health 2020; 3:e000085. doi:10.1136/ bmjnph-2020-000085
  2. Gombart AF, Pierre A and Maggini S (2020). A Review of Micronutrients and the Immune System – Working in Harmony to Reduce the Risk of Infection. Nutrients 12, 236; doi:10.3390/nu12010236
  3. Calder Philp (2020). Nutrition, immune function and Covid-19. British Nutrition Foundation (24th November 2020) https://www.nutrition.org.uk/bnf-talks.html. Accessed 9th December 2020
  4. Wu D, Lewis ED, Pae M and Meydani SN (2019). Nutritional modulation of immune function: analysis of evidence, mechanisms and clinical relevance. Frontiers in immunology, 9, p 3160
  5. Kuroda K, Okumura K, Isogai H and Isogai E (2015). The human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide LL-37 and mimics are potential anticancer drugs. Frontiers in oncology, 5, p144
  6. Berry DJ, Hesketh K, Power C and Hyppönen E (2011). Vitamin D status has a linear association with seasonal infections and lung function in British adults. British Journal of Nutrition, 106(9), p 1433-1440
  7. Martineau AR, Jolliffe DA, Hooper RL, Greenberg L, Aloia JF, Bergman P, Dubnov-Raz G, Esposito S, Ganmaa D, Ginde AA and Goodall EC (2017). Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory tract infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data. BMJ, 356
  8. Merzon E, Tworowski D, Gorobovski A, Vinker S, Cohen AG, Green I and Finkel-Morgenstern M (2020). Low Plasma 25(OH) vitamin D level is associated with increased risk of COVID-19 infection: an Israeli population-based study. The FEBS Journal 287 p 3693-3702
  9. Dardenne M (2002). Zinc and immune function. European journal of clinical nutrition, 56(3), p S20-S23
  10. Wang L and Song Y (2018). Efficacy of zinc given as an adjunct to the treatment of severe pneumonia: A meta‐analysis of randomised, double blind and placebo‐controlled trials. The Clinical Respiratory Journal, 12(3), p 857-864
  11. Read SA, Obeid S, Ahlenstiel C and Ahlenstiel G (2019). The Role of Zinc in Antiviral Immunity. Adv Nutr 10: 696-710
  12. Broome CS, McArdle F, Kyle JA, Andrews F, Lowe NM, Hart CA, Arthur JR and Jackson MJ (2004). An increase in selenium intake improves immune function and poliovirus handling in adults with marginal selenium status. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 80(1), p 154-162
  13. Zhang J, Taylor EW, Bennett K, Saad R and Rayman MP (2020). Association between regional selenium status and reported outcome of COVID-19 cases in China. Am J Clin Nutr 111, p 1297-1299
  14. Moghaddam A, Heller RA, Sun Q, Seelig J, Cherkezov A, Seibert L, Hackler J, Seemann P, Diegmann J, Pilz M and Bachmann M (2020). Selenium deficiency is associated with mortality risk from COVID-19. Nutrients, 12(7), p 2098
  15. Laursen RP, Hojsak I (2018). Probiotics for respiratory tract infections in children attending day care centers: a systematic review. Eur J Pediatr 177: 979-94
  16. Liu S, Hu P, Du X, et al (2013) Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG supplementation for preventing respiratory infections in children: a meta-analysis of randomixed, placebo-controlled trials. Indian Pediatr; 50: 377-81
  17. Vouloumanou EK, Makris GC, Karageorgopoulos DE et al (2009). Probiotics for the prevention of respiratory tract infections: a systematic review. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2009; 34: 197.e1-197. e10
  18. Wang Y, Li X., Ge T et al (2016). Probiotics for prevention and treatment of respiratory tract infections in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Medicine 95 :e4509
  19. McDonald D, Hyde E, Debelius JW, Morton JT, Gonzalez A, Ackermann G, Aksenov AA et al. The American Gut Consortium, Knight R (2018). American Gut: an open platform for citizen science microbiome research. mSystems 3: e00031-18. https://doi.org/10.1128/mSystems .00031-18
  20. Rachul C, Marcon AR, Collins B, et al. COVID-19 and ‘immune boosting’ on the internet: a content analysis of Google search results. BMJ Open, 2020; 10:e040989. doi:10.1136/ bmjopen-2020-040989


TIREDNESS AND FATIGUE: CHALLENGES ASSOCIATED WITH COVID-19

  1. Bower JE. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. Cancer-related fatigue: Mechanisms, risk factors, and treatments. 2014. doi: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2014.127
  2. Cena H, Chieppa M. Front Immunol. Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19-SARS-CoV-2) and Nutrition? Is Infection in Italy Suggesting a Connection? 2020. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.00944
  3. Dantzer R. Brain Behav Immun. Cytokine-induced sickness behaviour: where do we stand? 2001:15:7-24. doi: 10.1006/brbi.2000.0613
  4. Early Symptoms of COVID-19. Accessed December 09 2020. https://covid.joinzoe.com/post/early-covid-signs
  5. Junghaenel DU, Christodoulou C, Lai J, Stone AA. J Psych Res. Demographic correlates of fatigue in the US general population: Results from the patient-reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS) initiative. 2011: 117-123. 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2011.04.007
  6. Kroenke K, Stump T, Clark DO, Callahan CM, McDonald CJ. Am J Med. Symptoms in hospitalised patients: outcome and satisfaction with care. 1999:107:425-31. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9343(99)00268-5
  7. Leisman D et al. The Lancet. Cytokine elevation in severe and critical COVID-19: a rapid systematic review, meta-analysis and comparison with other inflammatory syndromes. 2020:8:1233-1244. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30404-5
  8. Smets EM, Garssen B, Bonke B, De Haes JC. J Psychosom Res. The Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) psychometric qualities of an instrument to assess fatigue. 1995:38:315-25. doi: 10.1016/0022-3999(94)00125-o.
  9. Townsend L et al. PLoS ONE. Persistent fatigue following SARS-CoV-2 infection is common and independent of severity of initial infection. 2020: 15;1-12. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0240784
  10. WHO-China Joint Mission. Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). 2020. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/who-china-joint-mission-on-covid-19-final-report.pdf
  11. Van der Linden D. National Guidance During Recovery from COVID-19. Accessed December 09, 2020. https://european-nutrition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Nutritional-guidance-during-recovery-from-COVID-19.pdf
  12. van’t Leven M, Zielhuis GA, van der Meer JW, Verbeek AL, Bleijenberg G. European Journal of Public Health. Fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome-like complaints in the general population, 2010:20:251–257. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckp113
  13. Zabetakis I, Lordan R, Norton C, Tsoupras A. Nutrients. COVID-19: The Inflammation Link and the Role of Nutrition in Potential Mitigation. 2020:12:1466. doi:10.3390/nu12051466
  14. Zhang JM. An J. Int Anesthesiol Clin. 2009:45:27-37. doi:10.1097/AIA.0b013e318034194e
  15. Shintaro Hojyo, Mona Uchida, Kumiko Tanaka, Rie Hasebe, Yuki Tanaka, Masaaki Murakami, and Toshio Hirano (2020). How COVID-19 induces cytokine storm with high mortality. Published online 2020 Oct 1. doi:1186/s41232-020-00146-3


ACUTE EATING DISORDERS

  1. Arcelus J, Mitchell AJ, Wales J and Nielsen S (2011). Mortality rates in patients with anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders: a meta-analysis of 36 studies. Archives of general psychiatry, 68(7), 724-731
  2. Byrne S, Wade T, Hay P, Touyz S, Fairburn CG, Treasure J and Crosby RD (2017). A randomised controlled trial of three psychological treatments for anorexia nervosa. Psychological Medicine, 47(16)
  3. Hanlan ME, Griffith J, Patel N and Jaser SS (2013). Eating disorders and disordered eating in Type 1 diabetes: prevalence, screening and treatment options. Current diabetes reports, 13(6), 909-916
  4. Robinson P and Jones WR (2018). MARSIPAN: management of really sick patients with anorexia nervosa. BJ Psych Advances, 24(1), 20-32
  5. Mehanna HM, Moledina J and Travis J (2008). Refeeding syndrome: what it is, and how to prevent and treat it. Bmj, 336(7659), 1495-1498
  6. Sylvester CJ and Forman SF (2008). Clinical practice guidelines for treating restrictive eating disorder patients during medical hospitalisation. Current opinion in pediatrics, 20(4), 390-397

LOW-CARB AND CALORIE DIETS AND THEIR ROLE IN TYPE 2 DIABETES

  1. Rehackova L, Araujo-Soares V, Steven S, Adamson A, Taylor R and Sniehotta F (2020). Behaviour change during dietary Type 2 diabetes remission: a longitudinal qualitative evaluation of an intervention using a very low energy diet. Diabetic Medicine, (6), 37
  2. NHS (2019). Very Low-Calorie Diets [online] available from <https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/healthy-weight/very-low-calorie-diets/> [14/10/2020]
  3. Parretti H, Jebb S, Johns D, Lewis A, Christian-Brown A and Aveyard P (2016). Clinical effectiveness of very-low-energy diets in the management of weight loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Obesity Review (17), 225-34
  4. Jebb S, Ahern A, Olson A et al (2011).Primary Care Referral to a Commercial Provider for Weight Loss Treatment versus Standard Care: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Lancet 378, 1485-1492
  5. Ahern A, Wheeler G, Aveyard P et al (2017). Extended and standard duration weight loss referrals for adults in primary care (WRAP): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 389, 2214-2225
  6. Lean M, Leslie W, Barnes A, Brosnahan N, Thom G and McCombie L (2017). Primary care‐led weight management for remission of type 2 diabetes (DiRECT): an open‐label, cluster‐randomised trial. Lancet (391), 541-551
  7. Xin Y, Davies A, Briggs A, McCombie L, Messow C, Grieve E, Leslie W, Taylor E and Lean M (2020). Type 2 diabetes remission: 2 year within-trial and lifetime-horizon cost-effectiveness of the Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial (DiRECT)/Counterweight-Plus Weight Management Programme. Diabetologia (63), 2112-2122
  8. Astbury N, Aveyard P, Nickless A, Hood K, Corfield K, Lowe R and Jebb S (2018). Doctor Referral of Overweight People to Low Energy total diet replacement Treatment (DROPLET): pragmatic randomised controlled trial. British Medical Journal 362-760
  9. Hanison S (2020). The Manchester Diabetes Intermittent and Daily Diet Diabetes App Study (MIDAS)
  10. NHS (n.d.). Low calorie diets to treat obesity and Type 2 diabetes. [online] available from https://www.england.nhs.uk/diabetes/treatment-care/low-calorie-diets/ [18/11/2020]
  11. Dombrowski, S., Knittle, K., Avenell, A., Araújo‐Soares, V., and Sniehotta, F. (2014) “Long term maintenance of weight loss with non‐surgical interventions in obese adults: systematic review and meta‐analyses of randomised controlled trials”. British Medical Journal 348-2646
  12. Diabetes UK (2020) Eating Disorders and Diabetes [online] <https://www.diabetes.org.uk/guide-to-diabetes/emotions/eating-disorders> [16/10/2020]
  13. Bojsen-Moller, N., Lundsgaard, M., Madsbad, S., Kiens, B,. and Holst, J (2018). “Hepatic insulin clearance in regulation of systemic insulin concentrations-role of carbohydrate and energy availability”. Diabetes. (67), 2129–36.
  14. Goss, A., Gower, B., Soleymani, T., Stewart, M, Pendergrass, M., Lockhart, M., Krantz, O., Dowla, S., Bush, N., Barry, V., and Fontaine, K. (2020) “Effects of weight loss during a very low-carbohydrate diet on specific adipose tissue depots and insulin sensitivity in older adults with obesity: a randomized clinical trial” Nutrition and Metabolism (17), 64
  15. Naude, C., Schoonees, A., Senekal, M., Young, T., Garner, P., and Volmink, J. (2014) “Low carbohydrate versus isoenergetic balanced diets for reducing weight and cardiovascular risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis”. PLoS One (9), 10652
  16. Banach, M., Mikhailidis, D., and Mazidi, M. (2020) “Low-carbohydrate diet: forget restriction, replace with balance!” European Heart Journal (9), 1058
  17. British Dietetic Association (2008). “Low-carbohydrate diets for the management of Type 2 diabetes in adults” [online] available from <https://www.bda.uk.com/resource/low-carbohydrate-diets-for-the-management-of-type-2-diabetes-in-adults.html> [24/11/2020]
  18. Terzikhan, N., Doets, E., and Vonk, N. (2015) “Extensive literature search and review as preparatory work for the evaluation of the essential composition of total diet replacement products for weight control”. European Food Safety Authority Supporting Publications. EN-590
  19. Tay, J., Thompson, C., Luscombe-Marsh, N., Wycherley, T., Noakes, M., Buckley, J., Wittert, G., Yancy, W., and Brinkworth, G. (2018) “Effects of an energy-restricted low-carbohydrate, high unsaturated fat/low saturated fat diet versus a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet in type 2 diabetes: A 2-year randomized clinical trial”. Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism. (4), 858-871.
  20. Sainsbury, E., Kizirian, N., Partridge, S., Gill, T., Colagiuri, S., and Gibson A. (2018) “Effect of dietary carbohydrate restriction on glycemic control in adults with diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis”. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. (139), 239‐252
  21. Bueno, N., de Melo, I., de Oliveira, S., da Rocha, A. (2013) “Very-low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet v. low-fat diet for long-term weight loss: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials”. British Journal of Nutrition. (7), 1178–1187.
  22. Mancini, J., Filion, K., Atallah, R., Eisenberg, M. (2016) “Systematic review of the Mediterranean diet for long-term weight loss”. American Journal of Medicine. (4), 407–415.
  23. Mansoor, N., Vinknes, K., Veierod, M., and Retterstol, K. (2016) “Effects of low-carbohydrate diets v. low-fat diets on body weight and cardiovascular risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials”. British Journal of Nutrition. 115 (3), 466–79.
  24. Tobias DK, Chen M, Manson JE, Ludwig DS, Willett W, Hu FB. Effect of low-fat diet interventions versus other diet interventions on long-term weight change in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinology. 2015;3(12):968–79.
  25. Dong, T., Guo, M., Zhang, P., Sun, G., and Chen, B. (2020) “The effects of low-carbohydrate diets on cardiovascular risk factors: A meta-analysis” PLOS One 1-16
  26. Ebbeling, C., Henry, A., Klein, G., Wong, J., Bielak, L., Steltz, S., Luoto, P., Wolfe, R., Wong, W., and Ludwig, D. (2020) “Effects of a low-carbohydrate diet on energy expenditure during weight loss maintenance: randomized trial” British Medical Journal 363
  27. Morris, E., Aveyard, P., Dyson, P., Noreik, M., Bailey, C., Fox, R., Jerome, D., Tan, G., and Jebb, S. (2020) “A food‐based, low‐energy, low‐carbohydrate diet for people with type 2 diabetes in primary care: A randomized controlled feasibility trial”. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism (22), 4
  28. Seidelmann, S., Clagett, B., Cheng, S., Henglin, M., Shah, A., Steffen, L., Folsom, A., Rimm, E., Willett, W., and Solomon S. (2018) “Dietary carbohydrate intake and mortality: a prospective cohort study and meta-analysis”. Lancet Public Health (419-428)
  29. Gjuladin-Hellon, T., Davies, I., Penson, P., Amiri, R. (2019) “Effects of carbohydrate-restricted diets on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in overweight and obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis”. Nutritional Review. (3), 161-180
  30. Lu, M., Wan, Y., Yang, B., Huggins, C., and Li, D. (2018) “Effects of low-fat compared with high-fat diet on cardiometabolic indicators in people with overweight and obesity without overt metabolic disturbance: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials”. British Journal of Nutrition. 119 (1), 96-108.
  31. Bhanpuri, N., Hallberg, S., Williams, P., McKenzie, A., Ballard, K., Campbell, W., McCarter, J., Phinney, S., and Volek, J. (2018) “Cardiovascular disease risk factor responses to a type 2 diabetes care model including nutritional ketosis induced by sustained carbohydrate restriction at 1 year: an open label, non-randomized, controlled study”. Cardiovascular Diabetology (1), 56
  32. Oh, R., Gilani, B and Uppaluri, K. (2020) “Low-Carbohydrate Diet” StatPearls Publishing: Campbell University
  33. Bruci, A., Tuccinardi, D., Tozzi, R., Balena, A., Santucci, S., Frontani, R., Mariani, S., Basciani, S., Spera, G., Gnessi, L., Lubrano, C., and Watanabe, M. (2020) “Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet: A Safe and Effective Tool for Weight Loss in Patients with Obesity and Mild Kidney Failure” Nutrients 12 (2), 333
  34. Watanabe, M., Tuccinardi, D., Ernesti, I, Basciani, S., Mariani, S., Genco, A, Manfrini, S., Lubrano, C., and Gnessi, L. (2020) “Scientific Underlying Contraindications to the Ketogenic Diet: An Update” Obesity Reviews (21), 10
  35. Waskiw-Ford M, Hannaian S., Duncan, J., Kato, H., Sawan, S., Locke, M., Kumbhare, D., and Moore, D. (2020) “Leucine-Enriched Essential Amino Acids Improve Recovery from Post-Exercise Muscle Damage Independent of Increases in Integrated Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis in Young Men” Nutrients, 12 (4)
  36. Joshua Z Goldenberg, Andrew Day, Grant D Brinkworth, Junko Sato et al (2020). Efficacy and safety of low and very low carbohydrate diets for type 2 diabetes remission: systematic review and meta-analysis of published and unpublished randomised trial data. BMJ 2021; 372. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m4743 (Published 13 January 2021)

FEEDING THE SPECIAL NEEEDS INFANT

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  2. Lau C (2016). Development of infant oral feeding skills: what do we know?. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 103(2), 616S-21S. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.115.109603
  3. Feeding matters (accessed 2020). Paediatric Feeding Disorder: An overview. https://www.feedingmatters.org/what-is-pfd/. Accessed 9th December 2020
  4. American Speech Language Hearing Association (accessed 2020). Pediatric Dysphagia (asha.org). https://www.asha.org/Practice-Portal/Clinical-Topics/Pediatric-Dysphagia/ Accessed 9th December 2020
  5. Royal College of Speech and Language Therapy (Accessed 2020). Infant Dysphagia. rcslt-infant-dysphagia-factsheet.pdf (Accessed 9th December 2020)
  6. Jadcherla S (2016). Dysphagia in the high-risk infant: potential factors and mechanisms. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 103(2), 622S-8S. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.115.110106
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  10. Morton K, Marino LV, Pappachan JV, Darlington AS. Feeding difficulties in young paediatric intensive care survivors: A scoping review. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2019 Apr;30:1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.01.013. Epub 2019 Feb 16. PMID: 30904206
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  18. Reilly S. et al. ABM clinical protocol #18: Guidelines for breastfeeding infants with cleft lip, cleft palate, or cleft lip and palate, revised 2013. Breastfeed Med 8, 349-353 (2013)
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PHENYLKETONURIA: A LIFE-LONG JOURNEY

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THE LOW-PROTEIN DIET IN PKU: ITS EFFECTS ON GUT HEALTH

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MINDFULNESS IN DIETETICS

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IN COOKE'S CORNER

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